Shared academic learning as a basis for multicultural intervention and attitudes toward multicultural kinship among Muslim-Bedouin and Jewish education students in the southern region of Israel
Abstract
The cultural and social characteristics of Israeli society in the State of Israel have existed for many years in the shadow of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Various political bodies as well as the general education system and within it the academic institutions in general and the teacher training colleges in particular raise many dilemmas dealing with the issues of multiculturalism and education for intercultural care and education for a common society and a common life. Various challenges intervene in this educational process, such as the dynamic security reality that characterizes the State of Israel and is a major catalyst for the radicalization of intercultural attitudes. Another aspect is the military service which is mandatory for young Jews. Another major challenge that characterizes this process is the simple fact that the main goal of the students from both companies is to acquire an academic degree and not to take part in educational processes of this type that aim to challenge existing positions and create cultural kinship. This research seeks to examine whether joint academic work in mixed groups, in an academic course, will lead to intercultural rapprochement due to the setting of a common achievement goal. 109 undergraduate students in teaching at the Kay Academic College of Education in the city of Beer Sheva in the south of the State of Israel participated in the study. 100 women and 9 men, in the age range between 18-40; 63 Jews and 45 Muslims - Bedouins. Two questionnaires were posted: a cultural affinity questionnaire and a questionnaire to evaluate a program of meetings between Jewish and Arab children that were completed before and after - at the beginning and at the end of the course. The results of the study indicate negative attitudes towards intercultural closeness as a starting point among the Jewish students with a non-significant improvement trend towards some of the indicators in filling out the questionnaire in the second measurement. The intensity of the attitudes towards cultural closeness in both questionnaires among the Bedouin Muslim students is higher in both measurements but indicates a decreasing trend - after learning the courses and completing the joint academic task.
References
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Noddings, N. (2007). When a School Reform Goes Wrong. New York: Teachers College Press.
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Rapel, D. (2000). Education for culture in a multicultural society. in m. Barlev (Ed). Education for culture in a multicultural society, issues in teacher training (file 9), Jerusalem: The Hebrew University.
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consociationalism: A critique. The Political Quarterly, 77 (2): 217 – 226.
Tringo, J. L. (1970). The hierarchy of preference toward disability groups. Journal for Special Educators, 4, 295–306.
Schiappa, E., Gregg, P. B. & Hewes, D. E. (2005). The Parasocial Contact Hypothesis. Communication Monographs, 72(1), 92–115.
Schlein, C. & Garii, B. (2011). Cross - cultural interpretations of curricular
contextual crossings. Issues in Teacher Education, 20(2), 81 – 94.
Sleeter, C. E. (2001). Preparing teachers for culturally diverse schools:
Research and overwhelming presence of whiteness. Journal of Teacher
Education, 52(2), 94 – 106.
Slote, M. (2002). Morals from Motives. Oxford: University of Oxford Press.
Smith, S. (2013). (Almost) Everything I need to know about multiculturalism
I learned on jury duty. Multicultural Education, 20 (2), 40 – 42.
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Yona, Y. & shenhav, Y. (2005). What is multiculturalism? On the politics of diversity in Israel. Tel Aviv: Babylon.
Zimmerman, M. (2005). 'The idea of the university, science and the state in a historical perspective', in: A. Gor Ze'ev (Ed), The end of academia in Israel? Haifa: University of Haifa.
Zieser, B. & Cohen, A. (1999). From orderly democracy to crisis democracy: the struggle for the collective identity in Israel. Politics 3: 30.
Abu Saad, A. (2007). Multicultural education and the Arab-Palestinian minority in Israel. In P. Perry (Ed.), Education in a multicultural society: pluralism and meeting points between cultural divides (pp. 125-143). Jerusalem: Carmel.
Allport, G. W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. U.S.: Addison-Wesley
Avinon, Y. (2013). Cooperative learning. Hed Hachinuch, 87 (5): 92-93.
Bennett, C. (1995). Preparing Teachers for Cultural Diversity and Standards of Academic Excellence. Journal of Teacher Education, 46: 259 – 266.
Armento, B., Thomas, C. & Causey, V. (2000). Cultural Diversity is Basically Foreign Term to me: The Challenges of Diversity for Preservice Teacher Education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16: 33 – 45.
Benks, J. A. (1995). Multicultural Education: Its Effects on Students Racial and Gender Attitudes. In J. A. Banks & C. A. M. Banks (Eds), Handbook of Research on multicultural Education (pp. 617 – 627), N. Y: Macmillan Publishing.
Benks, J. A. (2015). Cultural Diversity and Education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Bhargava, A., Hawley, L.D., Scott, C. L. Stien, M. & Phekps, A. (2004). 'An Investigation of Student Perception of Multicultural Education Experience in School of Education'. Multicultural Education, 11 (4): 18 – 25.
Bogardus, E. S. (1932). Social Distance Scale. Sociology and Social Research, 17, 265–271.
Bogardus, E. S. (1947). Measurement of Personal-Group Relations. Sociometry, 10 (4): 306 – 311.
Carmon, A. (2016). Outlines for a comprehensive Educational Concept for the School in the 21st century. In Sh. Beck (ed.). Information, Knowledge and Opinion - the DNA of Education (pp. 31 - 70). Ra'anana: Mofet Institute.
Clement, G. (1996). Care, Autonomy and Justice: Feminist and Ethic of Care. Boulder CO: Westview Press.
Coulby, D. (2006). Intercultural Education and Theory and Practice. Intercultural Education, 17 (3): 245 – 257.
Dewey, J. (1938). Experience & Education: The Kappa Pi Lecture Series.
New York, NY: Free Press.
Eldering, L. (1996). Multicultural Education in International Perspective. Anthropology & Educational Quarterly, 27 (3): 315 – 330.
Elior, R. (2000). Education for culture in a multicultural society, In: M. Barlev., N. Gober & Y.M. Korah Lang (Eds.), Education for culture in a multicultural society - issues in teacher training (pp. 41 - 50). Jerusalem: The Hebrew University.
Feuerstein, R., Falik, L. & Feuerstein, R. S. (2015). Changing minds and
brains. New York, NY: Teachers College Columbia University.
Gay, G. (1995). 'Curriculum Theory and Multicultural Education', in: J. A. Banks and C. A. M. Banks (Eds), Handbook of Research on Multicultural Education. New York: MacMillan Publishing.
Gardner, H. (2011). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences.
New York, NY: Basic Books.
Gat, O. (2023). Action research: A workshop for education for shared life: Bedouins, and Jews female teaching students at Kay College for Education in the southern Region of Israel. OJER: Open Journal for Education Research, 7 (2). (Excepted for Publication).
Gat, o., Basman-Mor, N., Solomovich, L., Melnik, D and Khatib, A. (2023). Interculturalism in Higher Education in Israel and Around the
World; an overview and insights. In D. Court., R. Khair-Abbas., Z. Kamal & R. Abu Much (Eds), Social Justic in Multicultural Settings. Cambridge Scholar Publishing.
Gay, G. (1995). Curriculum Theory and Multicultural Education. in: J. A. Banks and C. A. M. Banks (Eds), Handbook of Research on Multicultural Education. New York: MacMillan Publishing.
Gilligan, C. (2008). Boys and the American Education System: A Biocultural Review of the Literature. Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 10, (2): 80 – 95.
Gilligan, K. (2016). To Join the Resistance. Hakibbutz Hameuhad.
Guyton, E. M. & Wesche, M.V. (2005). The Multicultural Efficacy Scale: Development, Item Selection, and Reliability', Multicultural Perspectives, 7 (4): 21 – 29.
Held, V. (2006). The ethics of care: Personal, political, and global. Oxford University Press on Demand.
Hewstone, M. & Brown, R (1986). Contact is not enough: An intergroup perspective on the "contact hypothesis". In M. Hewstone & R. Brown (Eds), Contact and Conflict in intergroup encounters (pp. 1 – 44). Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
Hendin, A. (2013). Multicultural politics in education. Public Policy, 11: 9.
Heidegger, M. (1996). Being and Time, trans. Joan Stambaugh Albany: State University of New York Press.
Hirsch, E. D. (1996). The schools we need and why we don't have them.
New York, NY: Doubleday Publishers.
Horton, J. & Scott, D. (2004). White Student's Voices in Multicultural Teacher Education Preparation, Multicultural Education, 11,(4): 12 – 16.
Huskin, P. R., Reiser-Robbins, C. & Kwon, S. (2018). Attitudes of undergraduate students toward persons with disabilities: Exploring effects of contact experience on social distance across ten disability types. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 62(1), 53–63.
Kenan, I. (2014). Knowledge as Responsibility: Universities and Society. Journal of Higher Education, Outreach & Engagement, 18, (2): 178 – 206.
Kimmerling, B. (1998). The new Israelis: Multiculturalism without multiculturalism. Alpaim 16: 308.
Kymlicka, W. (1995). Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford, Oxford: University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (1989). Liberalism, Community, and Culture. Oxford University Press.
Kuhse, H. (1997). Caring, Nurses, and Women and Ethics. Oxford: Blackwell.
Nieto Maoz, I. (2009). Threat perceptions and feeling as predictors of Jewish – Israeli support for compromise. New York: Claredon Press.
Mautner, M., Avi S. & Ronan S. (1998). Reflections on multiculturalism in Israel. The above (Eds), Multiculturalism in a democratic and Jewish state: the memorial book for Ariel Rosen Zvi (page 77). Tel Aviv: Ramot..
McIntyre, A. (1997). Making meaning of whiteness: Exploring racial identity with white teachers. New York, NY: State University of New York Press.
Nieto, S. (1992). Affirming Diversity Sociopolitical Context of Multicultural Education. N. Y: Longham.
Noddings, N. (2002). Starting at home: Caring and social policy. Univ of California Press.
Noddings, N. (2007). When a School Reform Goes Wrong. New York: Teachers College Press.
Noddings, N. (2013). Caring: A relational approach to ethics and moral education. Univ of California Press.
Ouellette-Kuntz, H., Burge, P., Brown, H. K. & Arsenault, E. (2010). Public attitudes towards individuals with intellectual disabilities as measured by the concept of social distance. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23(2), 132–142.
Parillo, V.N., & Donoghue, C. (2005). Updating the Bogardus social distance studies: a new national survey. The Social Science Journal, 42: 257 – 271.
Paul-Benjamin, A. (2017). Education for shared life as a democratic culture and a way of life. Journal of Mofet Institute of Education, 60: 34 – 39.
Paul-Benjamin, A. and Haj Yahya, K. (2019). Education for multiculturalism in academia: from dialogic discussion to egalitarian practice. Dapim, 71: 83 – 109.
Rapel, D. (2000). Education for culture in a multicultural society. in m. Barlev (Ed). Education for culture in a multicultural society, issues in teacher training (file 9), Jerusalem: The Hebrew University.
Savage, M., Warde, A. and Devine, F. (2004) Capitals, assets and resources: some critical issues, Cultural Capital and Social Exclusion Workshop, January, Oxford.
Taylor, R. (2006). The Belfast Agreement and the politics of
consociationalism: A critique. The Political Quarterly, 77 (2): 217 – 226.
Tringo, J. L. (1970). The hierarchy of preference toward disability groups. Journal for Special Educators, 4, 295–306.
Schiappa, E., Gregg, P. B. & Hewes, D. E. (2005). The Parasocial Contact Hypothesis. Communication Monographs, 72(1), 92–115.
Schlein, C. & Garii, B. (2011). Cross - cultural interpretations of curricular
contextual crossings. Issues in Teacher Education, 20(2), 81 – 94.
Sleeter, C. E. (2001). Preparing teachers for culturally diverse schools:
Research and overwhelming presence of whiteness. Journal of Teacher
Education, 52(2), 94 – 106.
Slote, M. (2002). Morals from Motives. Oxford: University of Oxford Press.
Smith, S. (2013). (Almost) Everything I need to know about multiculturalism
I learned on jury duty. Multicultural Education, 20 (2), 40 – 42.
Ulkpokodu, N. (2002). Breaking through Preservice Teachers Disposition a Multicultural Education Course U: A Practice. Multicultural Education 9 (3): 25 – 33.
Sagi, R., Gilat, Y. & Arnon, M. (2018). Evaluation of a program for coexistence between non-Jewish and Jewish students through online and face-to-face meetings. Research report, Lewinsky College of Education.
ofDynamics The: IsraeliBeing.(2002). Y.,Peled G. & Shafir,
Press. University Cambridge : UK , Cambridge , Citizenship.
Tamir, Y. (1995). Two concepts of multiculturalism. Journal of Philosophy
of Education, 29 (2): 161 – 172.
Tamir, Y. (1998). Two concepts of multiculturalism. In: R. Shamir and A. Sagi (Eds.), Multiculturalism in a Democratic and Jewish State. Ra'anana: Ramot.
Walzer, M. (1992). "Comment" Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition. Princeton University Press.
Yogev, A. (2001). Approaches to a value society in a pluralistic society. In: J. Iram, S. Shkolnikor & A. Schechter (Eds). Junction, values, and education in Israeli society (pp. 355 – 379). Jerusalem: Office of the Chief Scientist.
Yona, Y. (1998). The state of all its citizens, a nation state, or a multicultural democracy? Israel and the Limits of Liberal Democracy. Alpaim, 16: 238-263.
Yona, Y. (2007). Multicultural education in Israel: challenges and difficulties. In: P. Perry (editor), Education in a multicultural society: pluralism and meeting points between cultural divides (pp. 39-67). Jerusalem: Carmel.
Yona, Y. & shenhav, Y. (2005). What is multiculturalism? On the politics of diversity in Israel. Tel Aviv: Babylon.
Zimmerman, M. (2005). 'The idea of the university, science and the state in a historical perspective', in: A. Gor Ze'ev (Ed), The end of academia in Israel? Haifa: University of Haifa.
Zieser, B. & Cohen, A. (1999). From orderly democracy to crisis democracy: the struggle for the collective identity in Israel. Politics 3: 30.
Authors
[1]
“Shared academic learning as a basis for multicultural intervention and attitudes toward multicultural kinship among Muslim-Bedouin and Jewish education students in the southern region of Israel”, Soc. sci. humanities j., vol. 8, no. 04, pp. 34923–34940, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.18535/sshj.v8i04.1015.
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