Self-Esteem between Social Support and Quarter-Life Crisis
Abstract
During emerging adulthood, individuals may experience a developmental crisis known as the Quarter-Life Crisis. The Quarter-Life Crisis can be influenced by various factors, including social support and self-esteem. This study aims to investigate the role of social support in the Quarter-Life Crisis, with self-esteem acting as a mediator, in emerging adults. A total of 151 participants aged 18-29 years were involved in this study. Three measurement tools were utilized: the Quarter-Life Crisis Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The PROCESS analysis indicates that self-esteem mediates the relationship between social support and the Quarter-Life Crisis by 38% (-0.3790; p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that self-esteem serves as a mediator in the relationship between social support and the Quarter-Life Crisis.
References
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27. Rossi, N. E., & Mebert, C. J. (2011). Does a quarterlife crisis exist? The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 2(172), 141–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2010.521784
28. Smelser, N. J. (1989). Self-esteem and social problems: An introduction. In The Social Importance of Self-Esteem. University of California Press.
29. Srisayekti, W., Setiady, D. A., & Sanitioso, R. B. (2015). Harga diri (self-esteem) terancam dan perilaku menghindar. Jurnal Psikologi, 42(2), 141–156.
30. Swickert, R. J., Hittner, J. B., & Foster, A. (2010). Big five traits interact to predict perceived social support. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(2010), 736–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.018
31. Vangelisti, A. L. (2009). Challenges in conceptualizing social support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26, 39–51.
32. Walshe, O. (2018). The quarter-life crisis: Investigating emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and maximization as predictors of coping self-efficacy. Dublin Business School.
33. Winahyu, K. M., Hemchayat, M., & Charoensuk, S. (2015). Factors affecting quality of life among family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Indonesia. J Health Res, 29(Suppl.1), S77-82. https://doi.org/10.14456/jhr.2015.52
34. Wood, D., Crapnell, T., Lau, L., Bennett, A., Lotstein, D., Ferris, M., & Kuo, A. (2018). Emerging adulthood as a critical stage in the life course. In Handbook of life course health development (pp. 123–143). Departement of Pediatrics.
35. Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41
2. Alvina, S., & Dewi, F. I. R. (2016). Pengaruh harga diri dan dukungan sosial terhadap resiliensi mahasiswa dengan pengalaman bullying di perguruan tinggi. Jurnal Psikologi Psibernetika, 2(9), 156–162.
3. Arnett, J. J. (2001). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood: Perspective from adolescence through midlife. Journal of Adult Development, 8, 133–143. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026450103225
4. Arnett, J. J. (2007). Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for? Journal Compilation, 1(2), 68–73.
5. Aza, I. N., Atmoko, A., & Hitipeuw, I. (2019). Kontribusi dukungan sosial, self-esteem, dan resiliensi terhadap stres akademik siswa SMA. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, Dan Pengembangan, 4(4), 491–498.
6. Bernardon, S., Babb, K. A., Hakim-Larson, J., & Gragg, M. (2011). Loneliness, attachment, and the perception and use of social support in university student. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 43, 40–51.
7. Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Jurnal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216.
8. Eagle, D. E., Hybels, C. F., & Proeschold-Bell, R. J. (2018). Perceived social support, received social support, and depression among clergy. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407518776134
9. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis. Guildford Press.
10. Lakey, B., & Cronin, A. (2008). Low social support and major depression: Research, theory, and methodological issues. In K. S. Dobson & D. J. A. Dozois (Eds.), Risk factors for depression (pp. 385–408). CA: Academic Press.
11. Lane, J. A. (2014). Counseling emerging adult in transition: Practical applications of attachment and social support research. The Professional Counselor, 5(1), 30–42. https://doi.org/10.15241/jal.5.1.30
12. Lane, J. A., & Fink, R. S. (2015). Attachment, social support satisfaction, and well-being during life transition in emerging adulthood. The Counseling Psychologist, 7(43), 1034–1058. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000015592184
13. Lau, E. Y. H., Chan, K. K. S., & Lam, C. B. (2018). Social support and adjustment outcomes of first-year University students in Hong Kong: Self-esteem as a mediator. Journal of College Student Development, 1(59), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2018.0011
14. Lee, K. (2020). Social support and self-esteem on the association between stressful life events and mental health outcomes among college students. Social Work in Health Care, 2–20. https://www.tandfonline.com/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1080/00981389.2020.1772443
15. Mruk, C. J. (2013). Self-Esteem and Positive Psychology: Research, Theory, and Practice (N. S. Hale, Ed.; 4th ed.). Springer Publishing Company.
16. Nguyen, A., Taylor, R., Chatters, L., Taylor, H., Lincoln, K., & Mitchell, U. (2017). Extended family and friendship support and suicidality among African Americans. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52(3), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1309-1
17. Nurmalasari, Y., & Putri, D. E. (2015). Dukungan sosial dan harga diri pada remaja penderita lupus. Jurnal Psikologi, 1(8), 46–51.
18. Olenik-Shemesh, D., Heiman, T., & Keshet, N. S. (2018). The role of career aspiration, self-esteem, body esteem, and gender in predicting sense of well-being among emerging adults. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.048
19. Pearlin, L. I., & Bierman, A. (2013). Current issues and future directions in research into the stress process. In C. S. Aneshensel, J. C. Phelan, & A. Bierman (Eds.), Handbook of the sociology of mental health (pp. 325–340). Springer.
20. Perrier, C. P., Boucher, R., Etchegary, H., Sadava, S. W., & Molnar, D. S. (2010). The overlapping contributions of attachment orientation and social support in predicting life-events distress. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 42, 71–79.
21. Praharso, N. F., Tear, M. J., & Cruwys, T. (2017). Stressful life transitions and well-being: A comparison of the stress buffering hypothesis and the social identity model of identity change. Psychiatry Research, 247, 265–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psy-chres.2016.11.039
22. Robbins, A., & Wilner, A. (2001). Quarter-life crisis. Bloomsbury.
23. Robinson, O., C., Cimporescu, M., & Thompson, T. (2020). Wellbeing, developmental crisis, and residentia status in the year after graduating from higher education: A 12-month longitudinal study. Journal of Adult Development. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-020-09361-1
24. Robinson, O. C., & Wright. (2013). The prevalence, types, and perceived outcomes of crisis episode in early adulthood and midlife: A structured retrospective-autobiohraphical study. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 37, 407–416. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025413492464
25. Robinson, O., C., Wright, G. R. T., & Smith, J. A. (2013). The holistic phase model of early adult crisis. Journal of Adult Development, 20, 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-013-9153-y
26. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and The Adolescent Self-Image. Pricenton University Press.
27. Rossi, N. E., & Mebert, C. J. (2011). Does a quarterlife crisis exist? The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 2(172), 141–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2010.521784
28. Smelser, N. J. (1989). Self-esteem and social problems: An introduction. In The Social Importance of Self-Esteem. University of California Press.
29. Srisayekti, W., Setiady, D. A., & Sanitioso, R. B. (2015). Harga diri (self-esteem) terancam dan perilaku menghindar. Jurnal Psikologi, 42(2), 141–156.
30. Swickert, R. J., Hittner, J. B., & Foster, A. (2010). Big five traits interact to predict perceived social support. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(2010), 736–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.018
31. Vangelisti, A. L. (2009). Challenges in conceptualizing social support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26, 39–51.
32. Walshe, O. (2018). The quarter-life crisis: Investigating emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and maximization as predictors of coping self-efficacy. Dublin Business School.
33. Winahyu, K. M., Hemchayat, M., & Charoensuk, S. (2015). Factors affecting quality of life among family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Indonesia. J Health Res, 29(Suppl.1), S77-82. https://doi.org/10.14456/jhr.2015.52
34. Wood, D., Crapnell, T., Lau, L., Bennett, A., Lotstein, D., Ferris, M., & Kuo, A. (2018). Emerging adulthood as a critical stage in the life course. In Handbook of life course health development (pp. 123–143). Departement of Pediatrics.
35. Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41
Authors
[1]
“Self-Esteem between Social Support and Quarter-Life Crisis”, Soc. sci. humanities j., vol. 8, no. 08, pp. 4668–4674, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.18535/sshj.v8i08.1280.
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