Involvement of Indigenous Parents in Inclusive Education (IE) Practices
Abstract
Descriptive phenomenology was used to determine Indigenous parent involvement in inclusive education (IE) practices. Data were collected through an interview with parents belonging to the various tribes in Abra, Philippines and whose children were enrolled in the Abra SPEd Center, which were thematically analyzed using the data explication method of Colaizzi (1978). The study shows that they view IE as a critical tool for equal opportunities for all learners. They advocate for fair access to education and a diverse environment, despite external barriers such as time constraints, conflicting responsibilities and cultural differences. However, their commitment to IE is decreasing due to logistical, time, and home commitments, which affect the effectiveness of IE practices. The themes of quality education for all, inclusive learning environment and equitable education for students with disabilities were identified. However, external issues such as time constraints, conflicting responsibilities, and cultural differences hinder parental engagement in IE practices.
References
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https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1075838.pdf
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8. Bowes, J., & Grace, R. (2014). Review of early childhood parenting, education and health intervention programs for Indigenous children and families in Australia. Issues paper no. 8. Produced for the Closing the Gap Clearinghouse. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare & Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies. https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-772800824/view
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10. Chandra, S. & Bhadoria, V. (2017) Parents’ perception about inclusive education. Journal of Educational Chronicle: An International Journal of Education, 7(2), 15-26. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354805995_PARENTS'_PERCEPTION_ABOUT_INCLUSIVE_EDUCATION
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12. Department of Education Order No. 72 s. (2009). Inclusive Education as Strategy for Increasing Participation Rate of Children. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2009/07/06/do-72-s-2009-inclusive-education-as-strategy-for-increasing-participation-rate-of-children/
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21. Lebeco, E. E., & Verano, M. L. E. (2023). Teachers’ perceptions on the implementation of inclusive education (IE) in public elementary schools in Northern Samar. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 7(2), 10031012. https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/teachers-perceptions-on-the-implementation-of-inclusive-education-ie-in-public-elementary-schools-in-northern-samar/
22. Madarang, H., & Martin, M. (2022). Teachers and parents’ standpoints on knowledge and challenges in inclusive education. Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(2), 1-16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361659631_TEACHERS_AND_PARENTS_STANDPOINTS_ON_KNOWLEDGE_AND_CHALLENGES_IN_INCLUSIVE_EDUCATION?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InNlYXJjaCIsInBvc2l0aW9uIjoicGFnZUhlYWRlciJ9fQ
23. Milne, E., & Wotherspoon, T. (2020). Alignment-plus: Alignment with schooling requirements and cultural-bridging among indigenous middle-class parents. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 41(1), 127–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2019.16687
24. Mironov, A., Shelest, E., & Bulatova, O. (2020) Barriers to implementing inclusive education for children with special educational needs: Parents’ perceptions. Science for Education Today, 10(5), 50-66. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346513698_Barriers_to_implementing_inclusive_education_for_children_with_special_educational_needs_Parents'_perceptions
25. Mitiku, W., Alemu, Y., & Mengsitu, S. (2014). Challenges and opportunities to implement inclusive education. Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature, 1(2), 118-135. https://doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v1i2.288 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340060270_Challenges_and_Opportunities_to_Implement_Inclusive_Education
26. Morales, A., & Calvo, S. (2022). Indigenous worldviews and inclusive education: Insights into participatory video and the practice of Buen Vivir of the Misak community. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 1-20. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363917603_Indigenous_worldviews_and_inclusive_education_insights_into_participatory_video_and_the_practice_of_Buen_Vivir_of_the_Misak_community
27. Nelson, M. (2017). Indigenous parents of students with special needs in education: the lived experience [Doctoral dissertation]. University of British Columbia. https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0343287
28. Okyere, C., Aldersey, H. M., & Lysaght, R. (2019). The experiences of teachers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in inclusive schools in Accra, Ghana. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 19(4), 283-294. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330706582_The_experiences_of_teachers_of_children_with_intellectual_and_developmental_disabilities_in_inclusive_schools_in_Accra_Ghana
29. Perry, A. R., & Langley, C. (2013). Even with the best of intentions: Paternal involvement and the theory of planned behavior. Family process, 52(2), 179-192. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237843743_Even_with_the_Best_of_Intentions_Paternal_Involvement_and_the_Theory_of_Planned_Behavior
30. Round, P. N., Subban, P. K., & Sharma, U. (2016). ‘I don’t have time to be this busy’ Exploring the concerns of secondary school teachers towards inclusive education. Int. J. Inc. Educ. 20, 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2015.1079271
31. Sharma, U., & Deppeler, J. (2005). Integrated education in India: Challenges and prospects. Disability Studies Quarterly, 25(1). https://dsq-sds.org/index.php/dsq/article/view/524/701
32. Sharma, U., Woodcock, S., May, F., & Subban, P. (2022). Examining parental perception of inclusive education climate. Frontiers in Education, 7, 907742. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2022.907742/full
33. Sianturi, M., Lee, J. S., & Cumming, T. M. (2022). A systematic review of Indigenous parents' educational engagement. Review of Education, 10(2), 33-62. https://bera-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rev3.3362
34. Simeon, C., Otono, J., & Palattao, J. (2017). The indigenous peoples inclusivity on integration through education. Asia Pacific Society for Public Affairs, 37-51. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327101970_The_Indigenous_Peoples_Inclusivity_on_Integration_through_Education
35. Streubert, H. J. & Carpenter, D. R. (2011). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative. Wolters Kluwer. https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=xNByh3B1Wt0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA200&dq=Streubert,+H.+J.+%26+Carpenter,+D.+R.+(2011).+Qualitative+research+in+nursing:+Advancing+the+humanistic+imperative.+Wolters+Kluwer.+&ots=UwJ62JhWSA&sig=N7yEQ2u8gmBtPGEHaZGOjSWAe3o&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
36. Tobin, G., & Begley, C. (2004). Methodological rigour within a qualitative framework. J Adv Nurs., 48(4), 388-396. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03207.x
37. Woodrow, C., Somerville, M., Naidoo, L. & Power, K. 2016. Researching parent engagement: A qualitative field study. The Centre for Educational Research, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, N.S.W https://researchdirect.westernsydney.edu.au/islandora/object/uws:34565
38. United Nations. (2015). Transforming the world: The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. United Nations. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda
39. Vlachou, A., Karadimou, S., & Koutsogeorgou, E. (2016). Exploring the views and beliefs of parents of typically developing children about inclusion and inclusive education. Educational Research, 58(4), 384-399. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308631718_Exploring_the_views_and_beliefs_of_parents_of_typically_developing_children_about_inclusion_and_inclusive_education
40. Walker, J. M., Wilkins, A. S., Dallaire, J. R., Sandler, H. M., & Hoover-Dempsey, K. V. (2005). Parental involvement: Model revision through scale development. The Elementary School Journal, 106(2), 85-104. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232419084_Parental_Involvement_Model_Revision_through_Scale_Development
41. Wirihana, L., Welch, A., Williamson, M., Christensen, M., Bakon, S., & Craft, J. (2018). Using Colaizzi’s method of data analysis to explore the experiences of nurse academics teaching on satellite campuses. Nurse Researcher, 25(4), 30. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323811187_Using_Colaizzi's_method_of_data_analysis_to_explore_the_experiences_of_nurse_academics_teaching_on_satellite_campuses
42. Yap, I. R., & Adorio, M. P. (2008). School–based management: Promoting special education programs in local schools. Education quarterly, 66(1), 50-70. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=6e5834a047b66b6e298f577e782dbc8205e08687
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1075838.pdf
2. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
3. Alghazo, Y. (2013). The theory of planned behavior and parental involvement: A theoretical framework for narrowing the achievement gaps. International Journal of Science and Research, 5(4), 570-572. https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v5i4/NOV162664.pdf
4. Allen, R., & Steed, E. A. (2016). Culturally responsive pyramid model practices: Programwide positive behavior support for young children. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 36(3), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121416651164
5. Ashman, A. (2015). Education for inclusion and diversity. Pearson Australia. https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/6389784
6. Auerbach, S. (2012). School leadership for authentic family and community partnerships: Research perspective. Taylor & Francis.
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203814437/school-leadership-authentic-family-community-partnerships-susan-auerbach
7. Baker, T. L., Wise, J., Kelley, G., & Skiba, R. J. (2016). Identifying barriers: Creating solutions to improve family engagement. School Community Journal, 26(2), 161– 184. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1124003.pdf
8. Bowes, J., & Grace, R. (2014). Review of early childhood parenting, education and health intervention programs for Indigenous children and families in Australia. Issues paper no. 8. Produced for the Closing the Gap Clearinghouse. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare & Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies. https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-772800824/view
9. Cayabyab, J. T. (2023). Implementation of inclusive education: A Region-wide Study in the Philippines. Journal of Marketing Management and Consumer Behavior, 4(3). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350609667_Implementing_inclusive_education_in_the_Philippines_College_teacher_experiences_with_deaf_students
10. Chandra, S. & Bhadoria, V. (2017) Parents’ perception about inclusive education. Journal of Educational Chronicle: An International Journal of Education, 7(2), 15-26. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354805995_PARENTS'_PERCEPTION_ABOUT_INCLUSIVE_EDUCATION
11. Colaizzi, P.F. (1978) Psychological research as a phenomenologist views it. In: Valle, R.S. and King, M., Eds., Existential-Phenomenological Alternatives for Psychology, Oxford University Press, 48-71. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283985967_Psychological_research_as_the_phenomenologist_views_it
12. Department of Education Order No. 72 s. (2009). Inclusive Education as Strategy for Increasing Participation Rate of Children. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2009/07/06/do-72-s-2009-inclusive-education-as-strategy-for-increasing-participation-rate-of-children/
13. Department of Education Order No. 026 s. (2022). Implementing Guidelines on the Establishment of School Governance Council https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/DO_s2022_026.pdf
14. Epstein, J. L., & Dauber, S. L. (1991). School programs and teacher practices of parent involvement in inner-city elementary and middle schools. The Elementary School Journal, 91(3), 289-305. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/461656
15. Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. Routledge. https://inspirasifoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/John-Hattie-Visible-Learning_-A-synthesis-of-over-800-meta-analyses-relating-to-achievement-2008.pdf
16. Hindle, R., Hynds, A., Averill, R., Meyer, L., & Faircloth, S. (2017). An ontological perspective on the development of home-school partnership relationships with indigenous communities. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 46(1), 92– 103. https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2016.16 https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2016.16
17. Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (1995). Parental involvement in children's education: Why does it make a difference? Teachers College Record, 97(2), 310331. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/016146819509700202
18. Kachru, B. B. (1985). The bilinguals' creativity. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 6, 20-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146819509700202
19. Kovacevic, J., Ristovska, L., & Radovanovic, V. (2023). Implementation of inclusive education [Conference paper]. VI International scientific conference 30 years studies in special education and rehabilitation. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375061477_Implementation_of_inclusive_education
20. Lazarević, E., & Kopas-Vukašinović, E. (2013). The role and place of parents of children with disabilities in inclusive education in Serbia. International Journal about Parents in Education, 7(2). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376500955_The_Role_and_Place_of_Parents_of_Children_with_Disabilities_in_Inclusive_Education_in_Serbia
21. Lebeco, E. E., & Verano, M. L. E. (2023). Teachers’ perceptions on the implementation of inclusive education (IE) in public elementary schools in Northern Samar. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 7(2), 10031012. https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/teachers-perceptions-on-the-implementation-of-inclusive-education-ie-in-public-elementary-schools-in-northern-samar/
22. Madarang, H., & Martin, M. (2022). Teachers and parents’ standpoints on knowledge and challenges in inclusive education. Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(2), 1-16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361659631_TEACHERS_AND_PARENTS_STANDPOINTS_ON_KNOWLEDGE_AND_CHALLENGES_IN_INCLUSIVE_EDUCATION?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InNlYXJjaCIsInBvc2l0aW9uIjoicGFnZUhlYWRlciJ9fQ
23. Milne, E., & Wotherspoon, T. (2020). Alignment-plus: Alignment with schooling requirements and cultural-bridging among indigenous middle-class parents. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 41(1), 127–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2019.16687
24. Mironov, A., Shelest, E., & Bulatova, O. (2020) Barriers to implementing inclusive education for children with special educational needs: Parents’ perceptions. Science for Education Today, 10(5), 50-66. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346513698_Barriers_to_implementing_inclusive_education_for_children_with_special_educational_needs_Parents'_perceptions
25. Mitiku, W., Alemu, Y., & Mengsitu, S. (2014). Challenges and opportunities to implement inclusive education. Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature, 1(2), 118-135. https://doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v1i2.288 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340060270_Challenges_and_Opportunities_to_Implement_Inclusive_Education
26. Morales, A., & Calvo, S. (2022). Indigenous worldviews and inclusive education: Insights into participatory video and the practice of Buen Vivir of the Misak community. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 1-20. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363917603_Indigenous_worldviews_and_inclusive_education_insights_into_participatory_video_and_the_practice_of_Buen_Vivir_of_the_Misak_community
27. Nelson, M. (2017). Indigenous parents of students with special needs in education: the lived experience [Doctoral dissertation]. University of British Columbia. https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0343287
28. Okyere, C., Aldersey, H. M., & Lysaght, R. (2019). The experiences of teachers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in inclusive schools in Accra, Ghana. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 19(4), 283-294. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330706582_The_experiences_of_teachers_of_children_with_intellectual_and_developmental_disabilities_in_inclusive_schools_in_Accra_Ghana
29. Perry, A. R., & Langley, C. (2013). Even with the best of intentions: Paternal involvement and the theory of planned behavior. Family process, 52(2), 179-192. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237843743_Even_with_the_Best_of_Intentions_Paternal_Involvement_and_the_Theory_of_Planned_Behavior
30. Round, P. N., Subban, P. K., & Sharma, U. (2016). ‘I don’t have time to be this busy’ Exploring the concerns of secondary school teachers towards inclusive education. Int. J. Inc. Educ. 20, 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2015.1079271
31. Sharma, U., & Deppeler, J. (2005). Integrated education in India: Challenges and prospects. Disability Studies Quarterly, 25(1). https://dsq-sds.org/index.php/dsq/article/view/524/701
32. Sharma, U., Woodcock, S., May, F., & Subban, P. (2022). Examining parental perception of inclusive education climate. Frontiers in Education, 7, 907742. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2022.907742/full
33. Sianturi, M., Lee, J. S., & Cumming, T. M. (2022). A systematic review of Indigenous parents' educational engagement. Review of Education, 10(2), 33-62. https://bera-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rev3.3362
34. Simeon, C., Otono, J., & Palattao, J. (2017). The indigenous peoples inclusivity on integration through education. Asia Pacific Society for Public Affairs, 37-51. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327101970_The_Indigenous_Peoples_Inclusivity_on_Integration_through_Education
35. Streubert, H. J. & Carpenter, D. R. (2011). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative. Wolters Kluwer. https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=xNByh3B1Wt0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA200&dq=Streubert,+H.+J.+%26+Carpenter,+D.+R.+(2011).+Qualitative+research+in+nursing:+Advancing+the+humanistic+imperative.+Wolters+Kluwer.+&ots=UwJ62JhWSA&sig=N7yEQ2u8gmBtPGEHaZGOjSWAe3o&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
36. Tobin, G., & Begley, C. (2004). Methodological rigour within a qualitative framework. J Adv Nurs., 48(4), 388-396. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03207.x
37. Woodrow, C., Somerville, M., Naidoo, L. & Power, K. 2016. Researching parent engagement: A qualitative field study. The Centre for Educational Research, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, N.S.W https://researchdirect.westernsydney.edu.au/islandora/object/uws:34565
38. United Nations. (2015). Transforming the world: The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. United Nations. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda
39. Vlachou, A., Karadimou, S., & Koutsogeorgou, E. (2016). Exploring the views and beliefs of parents of typically developing children about inclusion and inclusive education. Educational Research, 58(4), 384-399. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308631718_Exploring_the_views_and_beliefs_of_parents_of_typically_developing_children_about_inclusion_and_inclusive_education
40. Walker, J. M., Wilkins, A. S., Dallaire, J. R., Sandler, H. M., & Hoover-Dempsey, K. V. (2005). Parental involvement: Model revision through scale development. The Elementary School Journal, 106(2), 85-104. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232419084_Parental_Involvement_Model_Revision_through_Scale_Development
41. Wirihana, L., Welch, A., Williamson, M., Christensen, M., Bakon, S., & Craft, J. (2018). Using Colaizzi’s method of data analysis to explore the experiences of nurse academics teaching on satellite campuses. Nurse Researcher, 25(4), 30. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323811187_Using_Colaizzi's_method_of_data_analysis_to_explore_the_experiences_of_nurse_academics_teaching_on_satellite_campuses
42. Yap, I. R., & Adorio, M. P. (2008). School–based management: Promoting special education programs in local schools. Education quarterly, 66(1), 50-70. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=6e5834a047b66b6e298f577e782dbc8205e08687
Authors
[1]
“Involvement of Indigenous Parents in Inclusive Education (IE) Practices”, Soc. sci. humanities j., vol. 8, no. 09, pp. 4898–4915, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.18535/sshj.v8i09.1308.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.