Role of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Literature Review
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a broad term that includes subtle decrease in kidney function that develops over a minimum of three months. In contrast, acute kidney injury refers to any decrease in kidney function that happens in less than three months. now the kidney’s job is to regulate what's in the blood, so we might remove waste, or make sure electrolyte levels are steady, or regulate the overall amount of water, and even make hormones- the kidneys do a lot of stuff.
References
1. Abd ElHafeez S, Bolignano D, D’Arrigo G, Dounousi E, Tripepi G, Zoccali C. Prevalence and burden of chronic kidney disease among the general population and high-risk groups in Africa: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2018 Jan;8(1):e015069.
2. Qian Q. Salt, water and nephron: Mechanisms of action and link to hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton). 2018 Oct;23 Suppl 4:44–9.
3. Iwasaki Y, Yamato H, Fukagawa M. TGF-Beta Signaling in Bone with Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Aug;19(8).
4. Ekrikpo UE, Kengne AP, Bello AK, Effa EE, Noubiap JJ, Salako BL, et al. Chronic kidney disease in the global adult HIV-infected population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0195443.
5. Sarafidis PA, Blacklock R, Wood E, Rumjon A, Simmonds S, Fletcher-Rogers J, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with hyperkalemia in predialysis patients followed in a low-clearance clinic. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Aug;7(8):1234–41.
6. Georgianos PI, Agarwal R. Revisiting RAAS blockade in CKD with newer potassium-binding drugs. Kidney Int. 2018 Feb;93(2):325–34.
7. Jiang Y-M, Song T-R, Qiu Y, Liu J-P, Wang X-D, Huang Z-L, et al. Effect of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on survival in kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2018 Jan; 34(1):1–13.
8. Shih H-M, Wu C-J, Lin S-L. Physiology and pathophysiology of renal erythropoietin-producing cells. J Formos Med Assoc. 2018 Nov; 117(11):955–63.
9. Dupont V, Kanagaratnam L, Sigogne M, Bechade C, Lobbedez T, Portoles J, et al. Outcome of polycystic kidney disease patients on peritoneal dialysis: Systematic review of literature and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018; 13(5):e0196769.
10. Remuzzi G, Benigni A, Remuzzi A. Mechanisms of progression and regression of renal lesions of chronic nephropathies and diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2006 Feb; 116(2):288–96.
11. Zhou Y, Qi C, Li S, Shao X, Mou S, Ni Z. Diabetic Nephropathy Can Be Treated with Calcium Dobesilate by Alleviating the Chronic Inflammatory State and Improving Endothelial Cell Function. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018; 51(3):1119–33.
12. Dhondup T, Qian Q. Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Failure. Blood Purif. 2017;43(1–3):179–88.
13. Kooiman J, de Vries J-PPM, Van der Heyden J, Sijpkens YWJ, van Dijkman PRM, Wever JJ, et al. Randomized trial of one-hour sodium bicarbonate vs standard periprocedural saline hydration in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing cardiovascular contrast procedures. PLoS One. 2018; 13(2):e0189372.
14. Agnew JE, Holdsworth CD. The effect of fat on calcium absorption from a mixed meal in normal subjects, patients with malabsorptive disease, and patients with a partial gastrectomy. Gut. 1971 Dec; 12(12):973–7.
15. Rodriguez M, Aguilera-Tejero E. Energy-Dense Diets and Mineral Metabolism in the Context of Chronic Kidney Disease (-) Metabolic Bone Disease (CKD-MBD). Nutrients. 2018 Dec; 10(12).
16. Malone AF, Wu H, Humphreys BD. Bringing Renal Biopsy Interpretation into the Molecular Age with Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Semin Nephrol. 2018 Jan; 38(1):31–9.
17. Meguid El Nahas A, Bello AK. Chronic kidney disease: the global challenge. Lancet (London, England). 2005 Jan; 365(9456):331–40.
2. Qian Q. Salt, water and nephron: Mechanisms of action and link to hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton). 2018 Oct;23 Suppl 4:44–9.
3. Iwasaki Y, Yamato H, Fukagawa M. TGF-Beta Signaling in Bone with Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Aug;19(8).
4. Ekrikpo UE, Kengne AP, Bello AK, Effa EE, Noubiap JJ, Salako BL, et al. Chronic kidney disease in the global adult HIV-infected population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0195443.
5. Sarafidis PA, Blacklock R, Wood E, Rumjon A, Simmonds S, Fletcher-Rogers J, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with hyperkalemia in predialysis patients followed in a low-clearance clinic. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Aug;7(8):1234–41.
6. Georgianos PI, Agarwal R. Revisiting RAAS blockade in CKD with newer potassium-binding drugs. Kidney Int. 2018 Feb;93(2):325–34.
7. Jiang Y-M, Song T-R, Qiu Y, Liu J-P, Wang X-D, Huang Z-L, et al. Effect of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on survival in kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2018 Jan; 34(1):1–13.
8. Shih H-M, Wu C-J, Lin S-L. Physiology and pathophysiology of renal erythropoietin-producing cells. J Formos Med Assoc. 2018 Nov; 117(11):955–63.
9. Dupont V, Kanagaratnam L, Sigogne M, Bechade C, Lobbedez T, Portoles J, et al. Outcome of polycystic kidney disease patients on peritoneal dialysis: Systematic review of literature and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018; 13(5):e0196769.
10. Remuzzi G, Benigni A, Remuzzi A. Mechanisms of progression and regression of renal lesions of chronic nephropathies and diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2006 Feb; 116(2):288–96.
11. Zhou Y, Qi C, Li S, Shao X, Mou S, Ni Z. Diabetic Nephropathy Can Be Treated with Calcium Dobesilate by Alleviating the Chronic Inflammatory State and Improving Endothelial Cell Function. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018; 51(3):1119–33.
12. Dhondup T, Qian Q. Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Failure. Blood Purif. 2017;43(1–3):179–88.
13. Kooiman J, de Vries J-PPM, Van der Heyden J, Sijpkens YWJ, van Dijkman PRM, Wever JJ, et al. Randomized trial of one-hour sodium bicarbonate vs standard periprocedural saline hydration in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing cardiovascular contrast procedures. PLoS One. 2018; 13(2):e0189372.
14. Agnew JE, Holdsworth CD. The effect of fat on calcium absorption from a mixed meal in normal subjects, patients with malabsorptive disease, and patients with a partial gastrectomy. Gut. 1971 Dec; 12(12):973–7.
15. Rodriguez M, Aguilera-Tejero E. Energy-Dense Diets and Mineral Metabolism in the Context of Chronic Kidney Disease (-) Metabolic Bone Disease (CKD-MBD). Nutrients. 2018 Dec; 10(12).
16. Malone AF, Wu H, Humphreys BD. Bringing Renal Biopsy Interpretation into the Molecular Age with Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Semin Nephrol. 2018 Jan; 38(1):31–9.
17. Meguid El Nahas A, Bello AK. Chronic kidney disease: the global challenge. Lancet (London, England). 2005 Jan; 365(9456):331–40.