The Impact of Rain fed Paddy Rice Production on Employment, Food Security and Poverty in Nigeria: A Case Study of Kebbi State
Abstract
This study was conducted in 2019 and it evaluates the impact of rice production on employment, food security and poverty in Kebbi State. A multistage (three stage) sampling technique was employed to select the farm households. Data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to 302 farmers to achieve the objectives of the study. The analytical tools used were descriptive statistics and Logistic regression. The results revealed that 53.25 percent of the rice farmers were non poor as against 46.75 percent of the farmers that were poor. The logistic regression analysis for the determinants of poverty status shows that ten explanatory variables were estimated and all but one were significantly related to poverty status of the farmers in the study area. The determinants of food security status was obtained from Tobit regression and the analysis of the survey data revealed that 7 out of 9 explanatory variables included in the model were significant in explaining the variation in food security status of household in the study area. Furthermore, the results from the multiple regression model testing for the determinants of employments were also derived. The results indicates that the factors that had significant influence on the dependent variable (i.e. employment) were, Farm size (positive), Non-farm income (positive), Rice Production (positive)) Number of labour, Hours (positive) and Labour Cost (negative), Household size and Land Ownership. The insignificant factors were Age, Gender, and Non-farm income. Finally, based on the results obtained from the study, recommendations were given to both farmers and the government accordingly.
References
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Linking Data and Policy. Innovation Lab for Food Security Policy:
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Maertens, M., & Vande Velde, K.Contract-farming in Staple Food Chains: The Case of Rice in Benin, World Development (2017), http//dx.doi.org//10.1016/j.woriddev.2017.02.11
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Ogbeh, A., (2017), ‘Rice and Nigeria: Analysis of a Crop and National Enonomy,’
Leadership Newspaper, p.20.
Okpe et al (2014). The Impact of Rice Milling On Poverty Reduction in the Three
Geo-Political Zones of Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Finance.
2321-5925
Onweumenyi, O. (2008).’ Poverty Rates Drops to 50 percent’. The Punch p.17
Osagie, C., 2014. 2015 rice importation ban: Disregard US report, FG urged.
Available from http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/2015-rice-importation-ban-disregard-us-report-fg-urged/168731/ [Accessed 17/10/17].
Patrick, O. (2007). The way forward. A seminar paper presented at National
Training Workshop on participation. Approach in Agricultural Development Abuja, Nigeria.
Smith, A. (1986): The Wealth of Nations, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Townsend, P. (1979): Poverty in United Kingdom, London: Macmillan.
Todaro, M.P. (1981): Economic Development in the Third World. Longman, New York.
Webster, A. (1993): Introduction to the Sociology of Development, Hong Kong: The Macmillan Press.
Williams, G. (1984): Taking the Part of Peasants: Peasants and Inequalities” in Allen & Williams (eds). Op. Cit.
World Bank (2002): World Development Report, 2000/2001 Washington DC.
USDA. (2017). World Agricultural March Production. Circular Series
Vanguard (2016), Anchor Borrowers Program Crashes price of local
Rice-CBN: www.vanguardngr.com/
World Bank (2012), Global Commodity Markets, 10p
WARDA - Africa Rice Center (2008). Africa rice trends 2007. Africa Rice Center,
Cotonou, Benin: 84 pp.
towards Production Constraints: Case Study of Niger State of Nigeria and Hainan of China”, Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 5, 20-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jacen.2016.51B0 04
Abubakar, A.G. (2002): “Poverty Reduction and Direct Job Creation in Nigeria” in Jega, A.M. and H. Wakili (eds): The Poverty Eradication Programme in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects, Kano: Benchmark Publishers Ltd.
Adeoti, J.A. (1989), “Economic Crisis in Developing Countries: The Food
Dimension”, Ilorin Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 1.
Adesina A (2013). Dry Season Rice Farming Injects 77 Billion Naira into Nigerian
Economy Newsherald 45 June 17, 2013. [Online] www.newsherald.com.ng/2013/06/17/dry-season rice- farming-injects-n77b-into-nigeria-economy-adesina Assessed 12 May 2015.
Ahmed, A. (2015). Analysis of Food Security among Farming Households in Borno
State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Environment and Social
Sciences 1(1):130–141.
Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) 2011 Boosting Africa’s Rice Sector, a Research
For Development Strategy 2011-2020. Cotonou, Benin.
Arouna, A., Lokossou, J., Wopereis, S. and Roy-Macauley, H. (2017). Contribution of improved rice varieties to poverty reduction and food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Global Food Security 14 (2017) 54–60.
Agwu, N. M, Nwachukwu, I. N &Okoye, B .C (2011). ‘Worsening Food Crisis In Nigeria:
A Discourse on Bail-Out-Options’ in Sacha Journal of Environmental Studies,
Volume 1 Number 1 April 2011; pp. 64- 68
Akande, T. (2002). An overview of the Nigerian rice economy. Nigerian Institute
Of Social and Economic Research (NISER) Mimeograph Series. 2002.
Akpokodje, G., Lancon, F. and Erenstein, O. (2001) Nigeria’s rice economy:
State of the art. USAID Project Report, WARDA-NISER Collaborative Study.
Amos, O.,(2014). Exploring Options for Improving Rice Production to Reduce Hunger and Poverty in Kenya. World Environment; 4(4) 172-19.
Barrett, C., (2008). Smallholder market participation: Concepts and Evidence
From Eastern and Southern Africa. Food Policy 33(4); 299.
Baratz, N.S. and W.G. Grisgby (1972): “Thoughts on Poverty and its Implementation: in Journal of Social Policy, 6 April.
Bello S. and Abubakar L. (2017) sPromoting Rice Productivity in Kebbi State:
Linking Data and Policy. Innovation Lab for Food Security Policy:
Nigeria Agricultural Policy Project.
Central Bank of Nigeria (2016). Financial Inclusion Newsletter. Volume 1, Issue 2.
Conteh, A.M.H., Yan, X., and Sankoh, F.P (2012) the Influence of Price on
Rice Production in Sierra Leone. Agricultural Sciences 3(4), 462.
Clover, J. (2003), Food Security in Sub-saharan Africa, African Security Review, Vol.12, No.1.
Daramola, B., 2005. Government policies and competitiveness of Nigerian rice
Economy. Paper presented at the Workshop on Rice Policy and Food
Security in Sub Saharan Africa, organized by WARDA, in Cotonou.
Daudu, C. K., et al (2014), ‘Rice Production, Processing, Utilization and
Marketing in Nigeria,’ Rice Extension Bulletin pp 2-3.
Davies, A.E. (2009), “Food Security Initiatives in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges”,
Development Finance Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, (2016),
AnchorBorrowerProgrammeGuidelines.
Encarta Encyclopedia, 2002 edition.online.e.quality@work.online
Epundu, M. (2010). Economic Analysis of Rice Production and Marketing.
Nsukka, Nigeria.
Edozien, E.O. (1975): “Poverty Some Issues in Concept and Theory”, In Rural Poverty in Nigeria (Op Cit.).
Erhabor, P.O.I. and Ojogho, O. (2011). Effect of quality on the demand for rice
In Nigeria. Agricultural Journal, Volume 6, No.11, pp. 207.
FAO (2005). AQUASTAT Country Profile: Nigeria. [Online]
http://www.FAO.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/NGA/index.stm
FAO- Food and Agricultural Organization (2006). Estimated data from World
Rice Statistics and CORIFA of FAO, Statistics Division 2. www.fao.org 11/03/2008.
FMARD (2002), the New Policy Thrust on Agriculture, Federal Republic of Nigeria 18pp
Federal Government of Nigeria (2004) National Plan of Action on Food and Nutrition
In,Nigeria,61pp.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2008). Growing Demand on Agriculture and
Rising Prices of Commodities. An Opportunity for Smallholders in
Low Agricultural-based Countries? FAO, Rome.
Folorunso, S. T. (2015). Impact of Fadama I11 on Productivity, Food Security and
Poverty Status of Tuber Farmers in Central States of Nigeria.
PhD Dissertation. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Hill, O. (1982): “General Causes of Poverty in Hausa land” in C. Allen and G. Williams (ed.), Sociology and Developing Societies. London: Macmillan.
Idachaba (2003) Agriculture in Nigeria: Identifying Opportunities for
Increased Commercialization and Investment, USAID.
Iheke, R and. Arikaibe, A. (2012). Impact of Agricultural Intensification on Poverty
Alleviation among Rural Farm Households in Imo state Nigeria. International
Journal of Development and Sustainability, 1140-1149.
Kebbi State Government (2017). About Kebbi State. Retrieved from http://kebbistate.ng.
National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS), (2004),
Abuja. A publication of National Planning Commission.
NBS (2012). The Review of the Nigerian Economy 2010, 58pp.
Punch, (2016) Alarming food import bill. Retrieved
from: http://www.punchng.com/editorial/alarming-food-import-bill/
NBS- National Bureau of Statistics, (2007). Agricultural survey report from
1994/95 to 2005/06. Federal Republic of Nigeria, Abuja.
National Economic Summit Group (2013). Growing Agriculture in Kebbi State.
Paper Presented at the 19th National Economic Summit Group (NESG)
Held in Abuja on the 4th September, 2013.
International Rice Commission. FAO, Italy, Rome.
Nwanze, et al. (2006). Rice development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of the Science of
Food and Agriculture Volume 86 pp: 675.
Maertens, M., & Vande Velde, K.Contract-farming in Staple Food Chains: The Case of Rice in Benin, World Development (2017), http//dx.doi.org//10.1016/j.woriddev.2017.02.11
Ojeleye, A. (2015) Analysis of Farm Household and Community Food Security in
Kaduna State, Nigeria. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Ogbeh, A., (2017), ‘Rice and Nigeria: Analysis of a Crop and National Enonomy,’
Leadership Newspaper, p.20.
Okpe et al (2014). The Impact of Rice Milling On Poverty Reduction in the Three
Geo-Political Zones of Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Finance.
2321-5925
Onweumenyi, O. (2008).’ Poverty Rates Drops to 50 percent’. The Punch p.17
Osagie, C., 2014. 2015 rice importation ban: Disregard US report, FG urged.
Available from http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/2015-rice-importation-ban-disregard-us-report-fg-urged/168731/ [Accessed 17/10/17].
Patrick, O. (2007). The way forward. A seminar paper presented at National
Training Workshop on participation. Approach in Agricultural Development Abuja, Nigeria.
Smith, A. (1986): The Wealth of Nations, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Townsend, P. (1979): Poverty in United Kingdom, London: Macmillan.
Todaro, M.P. (1981): Economic Development in the Third World. Longman, New York.
Webster, A. (1993): Introduction to the Sociology of Development, Hong Kong: The Macmillan Press.
Williams, G. (1984): Taking the Part of Peasants: Peasants and Inequalities” in Allen & Williams (eds). Op. Cit.
World Bank (2002): World Development Report, 2000/2001 Washington DC.
USDA. (2017). World Agricultural March Production. Circular Series
Vanguard (2016), Anchor Borrowers Program Crashes price of local
Rice-CBN: www.vanguardngr.com/
World Bank (2012), Global Commodity Markets, 10p
WARDA - Africa Rice Center (2008). Africa rice trends 2007. Africa Rice Center,
Cotonou, Benin: 84 pp.